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The Hon Anthony Albanese MP was sworn in as Australia’s 31st Prime Minister on 23 May 2022.

Anthony Albanese previously served as Deputy Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Representatives.

As Infrastructure Minister and Communications Minister, he delivered nation-building projects, connecting the country through thousands of kilometres of roads and rail, and rolling out the high-speed fibre National Broadband Network.

He was widely recognised for his ability to bring stakeholders, businesses, and communities together to deliver projects that boosted the economy, enhanced productivity, and improved Australia’s quality of life.

Anthony was first elected to the Australian Parliament as the member for the Sydney seat of Grayndler in 1996.

In 2019, he was unanimously elected as the Leader of the Australian Labor Party.

Anthony grew up with his mother, Maryanne, in a council house in Sydney.

As he watched his mum juggling the challenges of life on a disability pension, Anthony came to understand the power of a parent’s love in the face of hardship – and the power of government to change lives for the better.

This knowledge still drives him today – both as Prime Minister and as a father – as he works to building a stronger Australia to hand to his son Nathan’s generation.

Justin Trudeau (born December 25, 1971) is Canada’s 23rd Prime Minister. He also serves as Minister of Youth.

Justin’s vision of Canada is a country where everyone has a real and fair chance to succeed. His experiences as a teacher, father, leader, and advocate for youth have shaped his dedication to Canadians – and his commitment to make Canada a place where everyone has the opportunities they need to thrive.

The oldest of three boys, Justin grew up with the profound influence of his father, Pierre Elliott Trudeau, and his mother, Margaret Trudeau. He was raised speaking both French and English and has family roots in both Eastern and Western Canada. This background helped spark his passion for public service and shaped his conviction that diversity is Canada’s strength.

Justin studied literature at McGill University, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in 1994. He went on to complete the University of British Columbia’s education program, and spent several years teaching French, math, and other subjects in Vancouver. Teaching allowed him to make a positive impact in the lives of young people. He remains committed to hearing the voices of young Canadians, from the classroom to Parliament Hill.

In 2002, Justin returned home to Montréal, where he met Sophie Grégoire, a Quebec TV and radio host. They married in 2005 and are now the proud parents of Xavier, Ella-Grace, and Hadrien.

Before entering politics, Justin served as the Chair of Katimavik, on the board for the Canadian Avalanche Foundation, and as an advocate for young people and the environment. As a speaker at events and conferences around the country, he encouraged young people to engage with the issues important to them and participate as active citizens. These experiences made it increasingly clear to him that the issues young Canadians care about – education, the environment, their generation's economic prospects – needed a stronger voice.

Justin entered politics to make change that would better serve all Canadians. In 2007, he built a community-based, grassroots campaign to win the Liberal Party nomination in the Montréal riding of Papineau. He was elected in 2008, and re-elected in 2011 and 2015.

Justin was elected Leader of the Liberal Party in April 2013. His leadership campaign focused on building a new, truly national movement of progressive Canadians, bringing hundreds of thousands of Canadians into politics, most for the first time. He worked closely with his team to build a plan to create jobs, grow the economy, and strengthen the middle class. With Justin’s leadership, the Liberal plan emphasized fair economic opportunity for everyone, respect for and promotion of freedom and diversity, and a more democratic government that truly represents Canadians.

On October 19, 2015, Justin led his party to victory, winning a majority government with seats in every province and territory across the country. He was sworn in on November 4, 2015.

As Prime Minister, Justin leads a government that works hard every day to build an economy that works for the middle class and people working hard to join it. His team is focused on creating new jobs, fostering strength out of Canada’s rich diversity, fighting climate change, and achieving reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples. A proud feminist, Justin appointed Canada’s first gender balanced Cabinet.

Gabriel Boric Font was born in Punta Arenas on February 11, 1986.

He entered the Universidad de Chile Faculty of Law, where his academic performance earned him teaching assistantships in several courses, including International Human Rights Law, the Institutional History of Chile, and Justice Theory.

He graduated from law school in 2009, but it was politics, rather than law, that became his passion and has been his calling for many years now.

As a student, in 1999-2000 he facilitated the re-establishment of the Federation of Secondary School Students of Punta Arenas.

In 2008, he was elected councilor to the Universidad de Chile Student Federation (FECh), representing the Faculty of Law, and in the following year he became president of the Student Union of the Faculty of Law (CED).

In 2010 and 2011, he was a member of the Universidad de Chile Senate, where he began building a relationship with Izkia Siches, who is now one of his cabinet members.

In late 2011, after one of the most tumultuous years of student mobilizations since the country’s return to democracy, he won the election to lead the Universidad de Chile Student Federation, defeating Camila Vallejo, a fellow student who has remained a longtime political ally. This post also enabled him to deepen his ties with his friend and classmate, Giorgio Jackson.

In 2013, he entered the broader political arena by becoming a candidate for congressional deputy of District 28 (Antarctica, Cape Horn, Laguna Blanca, Natales, Porvenir, Primavera, Punta Arenas, Río Verde, San Gregorio, Timaukel, and Torres del Paine). He was first past the post in his district and was elected without the backing of a traditional coalition.

In the first month of his first term (2014-2018), he and Giorgio Jackson presented a legislative bill to reduce parliamentary salaries. He also sat on the standing committees on Human Rights and Indigenous Peoples; Remote Areas and the Chilean Antarctica; and Labor and Social Security.

In 2016, he again paired with his colleague Jackson to create the Frente Amplio political party, launching the presidential candidacy of current constitutional convention delegate Beatriz Sánchez. In that election, just a few months after its formation, the Frente Amplio managed to become the third political power in the country, and he was reelected as deputy, earning the second largest majority in the country.

In this second term, he sat on the Constitution, Legislation, Justice and Regulations, and Remote Areas and the Chilean Antarctica standing committees.

In 2019, one of his final years as a congressional deputy, Chile experienced a tremendous socio-political crisis that erupted on October 18th. After weeks of widespread displays of social unrest over a series of actions and a general disengagement of the political and corporate classes, Gabriel Boric signed the “Agreement for Social Peace and a New Constitution.” This pact led to the constitutional reform process that is currently underway in the country, with guaranteed gender parity, and will result in the first democratic Constitution in Chilean history.

Since 2019, President Boric has been in a relationship with Irina Karamanos, a political scientist, anthropologist, and sociologist who has proposed rethinking the role of first lady.

On March 17, 2021, Gabriel Boric Font was proclaimed the presidential candidate of his political party, Convergencia Social, with the added backing of Revolución Democrática. Thus began the process of collecting signatures that would end on May 17th with his official registration in the presidential race to La Moneda Palace, and his call for widespread participation of opposition parties in the primaries.

In those primaries, held on July 18, 2021, President Boric ran for the candidacy of his own coalition, Apruebo Dignidad, earning 60% of the total vote in a victory against his competitor, Daniel Jadue.

In the first round of the presidential elections, on November 21, he took second place with 25.83% of the vote. This galvanized the citizenry and invigorated his campaign for the second round, as it became apparent to voters that what was at stake was more than just the presidency. On December 19, President Boric won in the second round at the ballot box with 55.8% of the total vote, significantly outpacing his opponent and taking power with the highest margin, the highest voter turnout, and at the youngest age of any president in the history of Chile.

Sitiveni Ligamamada Rabuka was elected Prime Minister of Fiji on the floor of Fiji’s parliament on 24 December 2022 following the country’s general elections 10 days earlier.

He became Fiji’s 7th elected Prime Minister, but the first to be elected in parliament.

He is the first elected leader to serve twice in the high office since independence from the United Kingdom in 1970.

He first served as Prime Minister of Fiji for seven years between 1992 and 1999, having served earlier as Co-Deputy Prime Minister with the late Mr Josevata Kamikamica in the interim government of the late Prime Minister, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara from 1991 to 1992.

He hails from the village of Drekeniwai, in the district of Navatu in the province of Cakaudrove, located on Fiji’s second largest island of Vanua Levu in the north of the country. He was born in Cakaudrove and completed his intermediate education in Bucalevu, on the island of Taveuni.

Prime Minister Rabuka was accepted into the prestigious Queen Victoria School (QVS), located on Fiji’s main island of Viti Levu, in the north-eastern province of Tailevu. He excelled in sports, donning the school colours in athletics, cricket, hockey and rugby union. He was elected Head Prefect in his final year at QVS in 1967.

He then joined the Fiji Military Forces where he retired as Major General 23 years later. He served as commander of the RFMF from 1987 to 1991 and among the leadership roles he assumed through his rise up the ranks were Commanding Officer of the Fiji Batallion with the United Nations Interim Forces in Lebanon (UNIFIL) from 1980 – 1981; Chief of Staff of the RFMF in 1981-1982; Commanding Officer of the Fiji Battalion with the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) in Sinai in 1983 - 1985; SO1 Operations & Training at RFMF HQ in 1985 – 1987.

He trained at the New Zealand Army School in Waiouru in 1968, India’s Defence Services Staff College in 1979 and the Australian Joint Services Staff College in Canberra in 1982.  His military secondments included the New Zealand Army in 1972-1973, and the 6th Queen Elizabeth’s own Gurkha Rifles (6QEO GR), the 3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery (3RHA) and the 48 Infantry Brigade HQ at Sek Kong Military Camp of the British Army in Hong Kong’s northern territories in 1974.

His exceptional bravery in Lebanon in was recognized in 1980 for rescuing a senior French officer while under hostile enemy fire earned him the distinguished Legion D’Honneur 3rd Class. This was later upgraded to 2nd Class of Grande Officier by the then French President Jacques Chirac in 1997. He was also honoured with the Order of the British Empire (OBE – Military Division); Officer of the Order of St John; and Meritorious Service Decoration as a commissioned officer of the Fiji Military Forces.

He holds a Masters Degree in Military Science from Madras University in India in 1979, and a Honorary Doctorate from the Central Queensland University in 1998.

Not only did he serve as Deputy Prime Minister (1991–1992) and Prime Minister (1992–1999), he also assumed high profile roles as the Commonwealth Secretary General’s Special Envoy in Solomon islands (1999 – 2000), Chairman of Fiji’s Great Council of Chiefs (1999- 2001), Chairman of Cakaudrove Provincial Council (2001 – 2009), Chairman of Cakaudrove Provincial Holdings Company Limited and Leader of Opposition (Nov 2018 – Dec 2020).

Following Fiji’s political upheavals in 2000 and again in 2006, Mr Rabuka did not contest any general election until November 2018 as Leader of the Social Democratic Liberal Party (SODELPA). When he resigned as Leader of Opposition in December 2020, he went on to form a new political party in September 2021 called The People’s Alliance which won 21 seats in the 55-seat parliament.

With the ruling FijiFirst Party unable to win an outright majority, Mr Rabuka’s The People’s Alliance was catapulted to national leadership with the support of its coalition partners, the National Federation Party which won five seats and SODELPA’s three seats.

Mr Rabuka is married to retired school teacher Mrs Sulueti Tuiloma Rabuka. They have two daughters and two sons, seven grandchildren and five great grandchildren.

Emmanuel Macron is the eighth President of the Fifth Republic of France.

President Macron was born in December 1977 in Amiens, in the Somme department. He studied philosophy, and later attended the Ecole Nationale d’Administration (ENA) where he graduated in 2004.

President Macron then joined the Inspectorate General of Finance where he worked for four years before entering the banking sector.

In 2012, he became Deputy General Secretary of the Presidency of the Republic. He left office in July 2014 and served as the Minister for Economy, Industry and Digital Affairs from August 2014 to August 2016.

He launched the movement En Marche !, founded on April, 6 2016, and was its leader until his victory in the presidential election on May, 7 2017.

Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo became President of Ghana in January 2017, defeating his opponent in the first round, the first time a candidate has won an outright majority in the first round of a Ghanaian presidential election.

He was first elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) in 1996. As an MP for the then incumbent New Patriotic Party (NPP), Akufo-Addo was made a Cabinet Minister from 2001 to 2007, first as Attorney-General and Minister for Justice and then later as Foreign Minister. As Foreign Minister, he was fully involved in the successful ECOWAS peace efforts in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Guinea Bissau, and was chairman of the ECOWAS in 2003.

Akufo-Addo has been a guardian of democracy in Ghana and In 1992, he set up and financed The Statesman newspaper, which has become the unofficial mouthpiece of the NPP. Also in 1995, he led the “Kume Preko” demonstrations of the Alliance For Change (AFC) movement, a broad-based political pressure group. While serving as Attorney General, he worked to repeal the Criminal Libel Law and now as President of Ghana has successfully signed the Right to Information bill which was before the Ghanaian Parliament for two decades.

Akufo-Addo was raised in Accra, Ghana’s capital. He read Economics at the University of Ghana before studying Law in the UK, and was called to the English Bar in July 1971 and the Ghana Bar in 1975.

Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo- Addo is currently a member of the High Level Panel on the Oceans and co-Chairs the 17 member SDGs Eminent Advocates Group.

Joko Widodo, also known as Jokowi, is the seventh and current President of Indonesia. He was elected in July 2014 as the first Indonesian president who did not come from a military or elite political background.

A member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), Jokowi was elected Mayor of Surakarta in 2005, and was re-elected in 2010 with more than 90% of the vote. In October 2012, Jokowi was elected Governor of Jakarta on an anti-corruption platform. In 2012, he was ranked as the third best mayor in the world by the international City Mayors Foundation.

As President, Jokowi has focused on a nine-point plan that emphasizes helping the poor by clamping down on corruption, improving public services, implementing land reforms, and developing more affordable housing. He has also focused on infrastructure, introducing or restarting long-delayed programmes to build highways, high-speed rail, airports and other facilities to improve connectivity in the Indonesian archipelago.

Jokowi was born and raised in Surakarta and his humble beginnings are well documented. He graduated from Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta with a degree in forestry engineering, and worked in a pulp mill before establishing his own furniture factory and becoming a successful furniture exporter.

Andrew Michael Holness was elected Jamaica’s ninth Prime Minister in 2016. He previously served as Prime Minister from October 2011 to January 2012. He is Jamaica’s youngest Prime Minister to date, and the first to be born after National Independence.

Holness was first elected a Member of Parliament for the Jamaica Labour Party at the age of 25 and is in his fourth consecutive term. Previously, he served as Opposition Spokesperson on Land and Development, Housing, and Education, and as Minister of Education, where he focused on improving literacy in Jamaica and oversaw the introduction of the Career Advancement Programme –a post-secondary technical and vocational training programme for unattached youth. He has retained the Education Portfolio as Prime Minister.

Holness was born in Spanish Town, St Catherine. He gained a BSc in Management Studies and a MSc in Development Studies from the University of the West Indies. Before entering politics, he worked as Executive Director of the Voluntary Organisation for Uplifting Children.

Fumio Kishida was elected as President of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the 100th Prime Minister of Japan in September and October of 2021, respectively.

Kishida was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1993 as a member of the LDP and has assumed various ministerial roles since. Prior to taking office as Prime Minister, Kishida served as Minister of Foreign Affairs as well as Minister of Defense.

Kishida was born in Shibuya, Tokyo and graduated from Waseda University with a degree in law.

His Excellency Dr. William Samoei Ruto was sworn in on September 13, 2022, after winning the Presidential election.

He was elected on August 9, 2022 on a United Democratic Party (UDA) ticket, a principal party, in the Kenya Kwanza Alliance. 

Dr. Ruto campaigned to be President on a platform of economic transformation and inclusivity for the everyday Kenyan, winning in an unprecedented first attempt.

Prior to ascending to the office of President, Dr. Ruto worked with President Uhuru Kenyatta to form the Jubilee Alliance in 2012. The alliance brought together the United Republic Party (URP) led by Dr. Ruto and the National Alliance Party (TNA) led by President Kenyatta and went on to win presidential elections in 2013 and 2017.

Dr. Ruto also served as the Deputy President of the Republic of Kenya from April 3, 2013 to September 12, 2022. President Ruto was first elected Member of Parliament for Eldoret North constituency on the Kenya African National Union (KANU) ticket. He served three terms - (1997-2013). In 2002, he was a key campaigner for Uhuru Kenyatta and KANU, but they lost the election to Mwai Kibaki of the National Rainbow Coalition, who became the third President of Kenya. During this period in the opposition, he served as the Chairman of the Parliamentary Select Committee on Constitutional Reform in the 9th Parliament starting and leading the process of assembling the team and setting up the structures that put Kenya on the road to a new constitution.

He was appointed Minister for Agriculture in the Coalition Government that was formed in 2008 and served for three years. During his tenure, he revived irrigation schemes and provided affordable fertilizer to farmers while working with maize, sugarcane, coffee and tea sectors to boost productivity and secure access to markets. He was later appointed as the Minister of Higher Education where he sought to define education as acquisition of knowledge and skilling as well as elaborate policy on its value.

President Ruto was born on December 21, 1966, in Sambut, Kamagut Location in Uasin Gishu County, in the Rift Valley. He attended Sambut Primary School and later joined Wareng Secondary School in Eldoret, before proceeding to Kapsabet High in Nandi County for his ‘A’ Levels. Thereafter, he was admitted to the University of Nairobi to study Botany and Zoology. In 2008, he graduated with a Master of Science Degree in Plant Ecology and in December 2018 graduated with a PHD in Plant Ecology from the same university. 

Andrés Manuel López Obrador was born on November 13, 1953, in Tepetitán, a town in the municipality of Macuspana, Tabasco. He has a degree in Political Science and Public Administration from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (1973 - 1976).

He began his political career by supporting the candidacy for senator of the Tabasco, poet Carlos Pellicer, for the state of Tabasco. In 1977, he was director of the Tabasco Indigenous Institute, where he carried out important work dedicated to the Chontal Indians.

In 1984, he returned to the Federal District to assume the direction of Social Promotion of the National Consumer Institute. From August 2, 1996, to April 10, 1999, he held the position of president of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD).

Mr. Andrés Manuel López Obrador distinguished himself for being the main critic of the bank rescue, known as Fobaproa, in 1999.

From December 2000 to July 2005, he was Head of Government of the Federal District, becoming the first president to assume the position for six years. In 2004, the City Mayors survey rated him as the second best mayor in the world.

He was three times a candidate for the presidency of the Republic, in the elections of 2006, 2012 and 2018. In his third nomination for the position as head of the Executive Power in 2018, he won the election with 53.19% of the votes, which gave him an advantage of 17 million 503 thousand 363 votes against his closest opponent.

He assumed the position of constitutional president of the United Mexican States on December 1, 2018, the day on which a regime change began, the Fourth Transformation of Mexico.

Dr. Hage Gottfried Geingob is the third President of Namibia, in office since 21 March 2015. He is also the President of the ruling SWAPO Party of Namibia.

Geingob received his early education in Otavi before joining the Augustineum College, finishing his Teacher Training Course in 1961. He has a BA degree from Fordham University, an MA in Institute Relations from the University of New School for Social Research and a PhD from the University of Leeds.

In 1964, Geingob was appointed South West Africa People Organization (SWAPO) Representative at the United Nations and to the Americas. He remained at the UN until 1989, where he was founding director of the UN Institute for Namibia in Lusaka, Zambia. Subsequently, Dr. Geingob was elected Chairman of the Constituent Assembly that was responsible for drafting the Namibian Constitution.

Geingob served as the first Prime Minister of Namibia from 1990 to 2002, when Namibia gained independence from South Africa. In 2007 and 2012 he was appointed vice-president of SWAPO. He also served as Minister of Trade and Industry. In 2012, he was re-elected as Prime Minister until his presidential victory in 2015.

Geingob is a proponent of partnership in government and advocates for enhanced transparency and accountability in the public service. He is also an ardent believer in the role that the Private Sector should play in economic development, a belief that is encapsulated in the Harambee Prosperity Plan, a Government initiative to accelerate economic development, of which he is the brainchild.

Jonas Gahr Støre was born on 25 August 1960. He is married to Marit Slagsvold and they have three children. Mr Støre underwent naval officer training at the Royal Norwegian Naval Academy in Bergen in 1979–1981. He then studied for a degree in political science, specialising in history and social economics, at the Institut d'études politiques de Paris in France from 1981 to 1985.

In 1989, Mr Støre was employed as Special Adviser at the Office of the Prime Minister, and in 1995, he was appointed Director General of its Department of International Affairs. From 1998 to 2000, he served as Chief of Staff under Gro Harlem Brundtland at the World Health Organization.

Jonas Gahr Støre was Minister of Foreign Affairs in Jens Stoltenberg’s second government from 2005 to 2012, and then Minister of Health and Care Services until the change of government in 2013. Before that, he was State Secretary and Chief of Staff at the Office of the Prime Minister in 2000–2001. He has also held a number of other senior positions in the civil service and humanitarian organisations, including serving as Secretary General of the Norwegian Red Cross from 2003 to 2005.

Mr Støre became Leader of the Labour Party in 2014 and has been a member of the Storting for Oslo since 2009. He has served on the Standing Committee on Finance and Economic Affairs, the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence, and the Enlarged Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence.

Jonas Gahr Støre became Prime Minister on 14 October 2021.

Surangel Whipps, Jr. is the 10th President of the Republic of Palau. Inspired by his father’s childhood and humbling beginnings, Whipps is a two-term senator having served in the 8th and 9th Olbiil Era Kelulau (OEK, Palau National Congress) from 2009 through 2016, when he first ran for the presidency. Whipps’ Senate report card maintains his reputable record in policy making to promote and protect the best interests of Palauans. He conducted more than 100 oversight hearings to promote transparency and accountability in delivery of government services. He is also best known for spearheading the first bill introduced in the 9th OEK that became law to increase the minimum wage since its enactment in 1997. Whipps brings to the leadership role over 30 years of experience managing one of the largest growing company in Palau. As CEO and president of the Surangel and Sons Company, he led its expansion from a one floor store with 50 employees to a diversified company employing over six-hundred people.

Whipps’ slogan – “A Kot a Rechad er Belau” (Palauan People First) actually originated from his father, who was active in the Save Palau movement to protect Palau’s marine resources, and who ran for congress many times before being elected. In response to unfair treatment in the workplace, lack of career opportunities for Palauans, challenges hindering young Palauan entrepreneurs, and the unchecked exploitation of Palau’s natural resources, the slogan represented conviction that Palauans must reap the opportunities Palau has to offer, and the commitment to push for the improved welfare of Palauans to be foremost in their country by their government. In 1997, Whipps’ father introduced the minimum wage law that was finally increased for the first time in 2013 by Whipps. The second presidential race by Whipps in 2020 became the fifth time he had gone around Palau visiting all the households in a national election. His firsthand observations continue to warrant need to prioritize Palauans and the work towards the realization of “A Kot a Rechad er Belau”.

Whipps’ platform envisions Palauans to have improved quality of life and have incentives and opportunities to pursue their happiness. As a result, they are the force that drives the progress of our island nation. One of Whipps’ primary policy priorities include a focus on developing and promoting our human resources and fostering our economy, while striking a balance in the protection of our environment with putting the Palauan people first. His broad knowledge and vision for our island nation are enriched by his past and current participation in various community and non- and semi-governmental organizations that include the Compact of Free Association (COFA) Transition Committee, COFA Trust Fund Board, 2nd Constitutional Convention, Post Con-Con Political Education Committee, Council of Chiefs, Palau Conservation Society, Pacific Resources for Education and Learning (PREL), Workforce Investment Act, Palau Chamber of Commerce, the Palau SDA School Board, Executive Committee Guam Micronesia Mission, Guam SDA Clinic, Palau Shipping Company, and Honorary Counsel of the Republic of Korea to Palau. His experience is combined with his formal background earning a bachelor’s degree in Business Administration in economics from Andrews University in Michigan and an MBA from Anderson Graduate School of Management at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). As a requirement for his MBA, Whipps was part of a team that conducted a field study in Palau in which the results are still applicable today and were shared with the executive and OEK at that time: Policy Recommendations-Foreign Investment, Foreign Labor, and Minimum Wages. His initiation into the national government was as Special Assistant on economic matters and foreign policy to the late President Ngiratkel Etpison.

Whipps was born in Baltimore, Maryland on August 9, 1968, while his Palauan father and American mother from Maryland, were working their way through college. At the age of four, when his parents finished their schooling, they moved to Palau and has been their home since. Whipps grew up with their family business that started with his parents improvising to sustain their living by opening a restaurant, fishing and selling their catch, taking tourists out to the rock islands and diving, and selling goods out of their house. While in elementary school he worked at the restaurant, fished at night with his father, and drove the boat with tourists. In high school, he spent every afternoon at the store, and while in college, he spent every vacation working in the family business. He is also proud of his first entrepreneurial work at age ten mowing lawns in his neighborhood. Whipps is the eldest of the four children of Rekemesik Surangel and Marilyn Whipps. A Seventh-day Adventist, he maintains his father’s tenets for happiness – a God centered home, always time for family, hard work ethic, and achieve highest education opportunity. Whipps married Valerie Esang Remengesau in 1999. They are proud parents of three daughters named after his endeared paternal aunts and grandmother -- Moded, Ultei, and Ngederong -- and a son, his name sake, Surangel Arthur, also named after his maternal American uncle. Having a big family has brought more joy to his favorite pastimes. Together with his wife and kids, they play basketball, go fishing and diving, including skiing and snowboarding during spring breaks.

António Costa has been the Prime Minister of Portugal since November 2015. He originally train as a lawyer before becoming a member of Lisbon City Council from 1982 until 1993. He was also the Deputy of the Assembly of Republic from 1991 until 2004. Costa served as Secretary of State of the Parliamentary Affairs of the XIII Government between 1995 and 1997, and Minister of the Parliament Affairs between November 1997 and October 1999.

From October 1999 to April 2002, Costa was Minister of Justice and from April 2002 to March 2004 he was President of Socialist Party's Parliament Group. He became Deputy to the European Parliament and Vice-President of the European Parliament in June 2004 and served until March 2005. Costa served as Minister of State and Internal Administration of the XVII Government from March 2005 to May 2007 before becoming Mayor of Lisbon City Hall from August 2007 until April 2015.

Costa has also served as General Secretary of the Socialist Party since November 2014.

Wavel Ramkalawan was born on Mahé, the principal island of Seychelles. His father was a metalworker and his mother a primary school teacher. He is married to Linda and has three boys, Samuel, Caleb and Amos. He is an ordained minister in the Anglican Church.

It was his work mission as a priest that led Ramkalawan to politics. Through his pastoral work, he came into contact with many people who had been the subject of repression and abuses of human and civil liberties by government. At that time, the church was the only institution that could speak out on these issues.

In 1990, Ramkalawan preached a landmark sermon, broadcast to the nation on the national radio station, in which he questioned the practices of the one-party government and gave voice to the desire of the people for greater freedom, respect for human rights and observance of the rule of law in the country. The sermon was an inspiration for the movement for political liberty and democracy in Seychelles. For as a consequence doing that, he was banned by the one-party state government from being heard and appearing on national TV. This move drew Ramkalawan closer into politics. In 1991, still a priest, he joined others who had been active in opposing the government, such as Roger Mancienne and Jean-Francois Ferrari, to form Parti Seselwa, initially an underground organisation, and became its leader.

After the coming into force of the new constitution in 1993, two other opposition parties joined Parti Seselwa to form The United Opposition (UO) and to contest the 1993 general elections. The party won 9% of the vote, enabling it to appoint one member (Ramkalawan) to the National Assembly. 2

In 1998, Ramkalawan led his party The UO into the second multi-party general elections. The party polled 27% of the national vote and increased its National Assembly representation to three. Ramkalawan became the first directly elected member of the party in the Assembly, winning his home constituency of St Louis. He led St. Louis until handing it over to a young politician to stand in the largest constituency of the country, Anse Etoile, and win the seat. In addition, Ramkalawan was elected Leader of the Opposition, a post he relinquished in 2011 when his party boycotted the National Assembly elections in the search for electoral reforms. In 2016, his party won majority in the National Assembly elections. He also led as the Leader of Opposition leading a majority in the Legislature.

In December 2015, Mr. Ramkalawan led a united opposition in a controversial presidential election which the movement lost narrowly by 1% to Mr. James Michel; who scored 50.15% to Ramkalawan’s 49.15%

Mr. Ramkalawan led the National Assembly delegation at the Pan African Parliament and the SADC PF, where he chaired the Democratisation, Governance and Human Rights Committee. In the National Assembly, he chaired the Truth & National Reconciliation Committee, the Defence and Security Committee, the Islands Committee and the Finance & Public Accounts Committee.

On 26th October 2020, Mr. Wavel Ramkalawan was sworn in as the President of the Republic of Seychelles.

Rishi Sunak became Prime Minister on 25 October 2022.

He was previously appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer from 13 February 2020 to 5 July 2022.

He was Chief Secretary to the Treasury from 24 July 2019 to 13 February 2020, and Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government from 9 January 2018 to 24 July 2019.

Prime Minister Sunak went to Winchester College and studied Politics, Philosophy and Economics at Oxford University. He was also a Fulbright Scholar at Stanford University (USA) where he studied for his MBA.

Joe Biden is the 46th President of the United States of America and is a member of the Democratic Party. He represented his home state of Delaware in the United States Senate from 1973 until 2009, when he became the 47th Vice President.

He has held multiple roles in the government including serving as As Chairman or Ranking Member of the Senate Judiciary Committee for 16 years as well as Chairman or Ranking Member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for 12 years.

He was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania and later relocated to Claymont, Delaware where he eventually graduated from the University of Delaware as well as Syracuse Law School and served on the New Castle County Council.